Both tribal and more complex pre-Columbian societies existed under monarchical forms of government, with some expanding to form vast empires under a central king figure, while others did the same with a decentralised collection of tribal regions under a hereditary chieftain. These crowns continue a history of monarchy in the Americas that reaches back to before European colonisation. Addotionally, each of Canada’s 10 provinces functions as a subnational constituent monarchy, with the constitutional powers vested in the King exercised at the provincial level by a lieutenant governor.
As such, none of the monarchies in the Americas have a permanently residing monarch, though the Commonwealth realms each have a resident governor-general to represent King Charles III and perform most of his constitutional duties in his name and a high commissioner represents the Queen of Denmark and the Danish government in Greenland.
The others are dependencies of three European monarchies. Nine of these monarchies are independent states they equally share, as monarch of each, the person of Charles III, who resides primarily in the United Kingdom, making them part of a global personal union known as the Commonwealth realms. Each is a constitutional monarchy, wherein the monarch inherits his or her office according to law, usually keeping it until death or abdication, and is bound by laws and customs in the exercise of their powers. There are 12 monarchies in the Americas, being either sovereign states or self-governing territories that have a monarch as head of state.
The heraldic depiction of St Edward's Crown is used in the heraldry of those American states with King Charles III as sovereign.
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